Rocco Vergallo, M.D., Ph.D., and Filippo Crea, M.D


Atherosclerotic plaques typically develop over a period of years or  decades. In contrast, the thrombotic complications of atherosclerotic  disease occur suddenly, often without warning. The notion that acute  coronary syndromes develop from the rupture or superficial erosion of an  atherosclerotic plaque is an oversimplification of a process involving  plaque activity, blood thrombogenicity, and healing. Pathological  studies have shown that many (if not most) atherosclerotic plaques  destabilize without resulting in a clinical syndrome. The occurrence of  an acute coronary syndrome probably depends on the disruption of a  balance between instability (“activation”) and healing (“passivation”)  of an atherosclerotic plaque. During the past 30 years, research efforts  have mostly been focused on the mechanisms of plaque instability. Yet  the risk of acute myocardial infarction or sudden death from coronary  causes remains difficult to predict, suggesting that other pathogenic  mechanisms should also be investigated. Recently, the notion that plaque  healing may play a key role in the natural history of atherosclerotic  disease has been gaining attention, in part because of the development  of new imaging techniques, allowing in vivo study of the morphologic  features of atherosclerotic plaque. This review examines the mechanisms  of atherosclerotic plaque healing, their role in the progression of  atherosclerotic disease and in the development of acute coronary  syndromes, and the clinical and potential therapeutic implications of  the healing process./a

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